On the face of it the English High Court ruling that the Palestine Action proscription is unlawful makes the decision that the proscription remains in place pending appeal utterly illogical. But what if the High Court ruling is deliberately designed to fail at appeal?

I believe that it is. They chose an extremely narrow path to rule that proscription was unlawful and produced an extremely weak judgment. This gives an impression of fairness in the judicial system – except that nothing has changed, the ban remains in force. And it remains in force because the judgment is designed for the government to win at appeal.

The judgment for the most part is precisely what you would expect from three hand picked, known right wing, judges. They:

• State that Palestine Action is a terrorist group within the meaning of the 2000 Terrorism Act (para 134)
• State that they do not accept the United Nations assertion that the UK definition of Terrorism is incompatible with international norms (para 141)
• State that in any case international law has no impact on English statute law (para 142)
• State that all those arrested for showing support for Palestine Action – specifically including for holding placards – were rightly arrested as they were deliberately committing a criminal act (para 118)
• State that there was no need for Yvette Cooper to consult before the proscription (para 60)
• Repeat the Crown’s assertions of the Filton case as fact with no reference at all to the findings of the jury (paras 34, 139)
• State that comparisons with Just Stop Oil and Extinction Rebellion are not valid as those organisations have not carried out serious property damage (para 144)
• State that the motive of Palestine Action in trying to stop Genocide is not “material” (para 70)
• Argue that the interests of national security and protection of the rights and freedoms of others justify the interference with freedom of speech and assembly (para 128)

The judges have therefore supported the government on almost all of its key propositions. You may well ask, how did they find all that and still find the proscription unlawful?

Well, they chose a deliberately narrow and precarious path through. They first found that the proscription was unlawful in that it contradicted the Home Office’s published policy on how the discretion of the Secretary of State would be applied in deciding whether to proscribe a terrorist organisation.

It is important to understand this. The ruling is that Palestine Action is a terrorist organisation, but that the Secretary of State is not obliged to proscribe all terrorist organisations but may use her discretion.

I have read the judgment again and again and it is incredibly obscure as to in what way the Home Secretary did not follow her policy. It seems to be that she did not consider the factors peculiar to Palestine Action, but merely proscribed as though that automatically followed a determination that an organisation is terrorist.  Rather than consider the question in the round, she merely looked at the “operational advantages” of proscription.

I assume the underlying assumption is that this means she failed to take into account the disadvantages of proscription, but it does not say that. I don’t think I am being obtuse. You try.

92. This conclusion may appear to rest on a very narrow basis – the Home Secretary had,
after all, formed the belief that Palestine Action is an organisation concerned in
terrorism and in these proceedings the claimant does not challenge that decision.
However, this conclusion is a direct and necessary consequence of the policy the Home
Secretary has applied to the exercise of her discretion to proscribe such organisations.
The purpose of the policy is that not all organisations that meet the concerned in
terrorism requirement should be proscribed.

93. Any decision-maker who adopts a policy for a particular purpose is at liberty to disapply
or modify that policy in a particular case, but any such disapplication or modification
must be express and must be for a sufficient reason. In this case, the Home Secretary’s
approach was to apply the policy (a policy of long-standing, dating back to the time the
2000 Act was enacted), without modification.

94. The operational consequences and advantages of proscription is not a factor consistent
with the policy for the obvious reason that such consequences and advantages will apply
equally to any organisation that could be proscribed – i.e. any and every organisation
that meets the requirement to be an organisation concerned in terrorism. In principle
the position could be otherwise if in a particular case, by reason of an organisation’s
structure, membership, activities or otherwise, the measures in the 2000 Act that are the
consequences of proscription would be unusually effective. In such a case, it could be
consistent with the policy to regard the operational consequences of proscription as an
“other factor”. But that is not the present case. There is no such evidence so far as
concerns Palestine Action. Nor in the present case could it be contended that the
reliance placed on the consequences of proscription was immaterial to the exercise of
the discretion or the application of the policy. Both in the note of the meeting of the
Proscription Review Group and in the 26 March 2025 ministerial submission, the
operational advantages are relied on as providing a clear case to use the discretion to
proscribe. Each suggests that it is an important matter going to the exercise of the
discretion, if not the central consideration in that exercise in that case.

95. The consequence and conclusion of this point is that, notwithstanding the latitude that
the policy provides, the Home Secretary’s decision to proscribe Palestine Action was
not consistent with her policy. The closed material does not affect our conclusion on
this ground.

There are two problems with this aspect of the judgment.

Firstly it seems so obscure that it is designed to fail at appeal.

The notion that its proscription was unlawful because the Secretary of State had failed to follow, not the established law, but the precise procedures in some buried Home Office policy document that nobody had ever read, is not one that I would have expected to carry the day compared to all the other issues.

It is indeed an established legal point, but one used in objections to planning applications rather than cases of alleged terrorism. Which is what I believe the Court of Appeal will say.

Secondly it leaves it open to the Secretary of State just to change the published policy, then proscribe again.

The second ground on which the court found against the government is that the proscription is incompatible with Articles X and XI of the European Convention on Human Rights – Freedom of Speech and Assembly.

But again this is not what you think.

Remember the judges found that the 2700 people arrested for opposing the ban have been quite rightly arrested, as expressing support for Palestine Action is a criminal act. The court does not hold that their right to freedom of speech is infringed.

In fact the court rehearses all the ways that speech will be chilled and people will be de-platformed as a result of the proscription, but does not find they are unreasonable to combat “terrorism”.

128. The Home Secretary’s pleaded case is that the purpose of proscription was to “disrupt
and degrade PA so as to protect the rights of others and maintain national security”.
The submissions on behalf of the Home Secretary sought to define the objective as
“controlling terrorism” or “controlling terrorist organisations” through proscription of
organisations that engage in “terrorism” as defined in s.1 of the 2000 Act. It seems to
us that the latter is a description of the means of obtaining the objective. The identified
legitimate aims of the proscription decision are “the protection of the rights and
freedoms of others” and “the interests of national security”. Those aims appear in each
of articles 10(2) and 11(2), respectively and are objectives that, in principle, are capable
of warranting an interference with each Convention right.

129. Although the claimant raised the question whether there is a rational connection
between the means chosen and the aim in view, no basis for suggesting there is not a
rational connection was put forward. Proscription is rationally connected to the
objective of disrupting Palestine Action so as to protect the rights of others and the
interests of national security. That is so whether the objective was limited to curtailing
actions by Palestine Action causing serious property damage within the meaning of
section 1 of the 2000 Act, or extended more broadly

When after all this support for the government, the judgment finally delivers the key paragraph on why the proscription was unlawful, it suddenly leaps out at you: the result of a proportionality exercise the judgment had not previously defined or given a methodology.

140. Considering in the round the evidence available to the Home Secretary when the
decision to proscribe was made, the nature and scale of Palestine Action’s activities, so
far as they comprise acts of terrorism, has not yet reached the level, scale and
persistence that would justify the application of the criminal law measures that are the
consequence of proscription, and the very significant interference with Convention
rights consequent on those measures.

It is a goal entirely against the run of play in the previous 139 paragraphs. I am afraid to say that I think the marked lack of intellectual underpinning again makes it a structure designed to fail.

Three known very conservative judges were appointed at the last moment to replace the liberal judge Chamberlain, who was unceremoniously booted off the case. It seemed astonishing that these known sympathisers with the security state had found the proscription unlawful.

But they cannot really think both that it is unlawful, and that it should continue pending appeal. That is utterly illogical.

They cannot really think it is an unlawfully disproportionate interference with freedom of speech, and that those arrested for holding placards opposing it were criminals and rightfully charged.

That is a logical impossibility also. Yet both sit side by side in this judgment.

The judges are not stupid. It can only be that they do not really mean it when they state one of those opinions. All the signs are that it is para 140, swinging entirely unsupported and exposed and waiting to be struck down, that they do not really mean.

If they believed in their own judgment, the judges would have quashed the proscription pending appeal.

Palestine Action was a proscribed organisation before this judgment and it is a proscribed organisation after this judgment. Everything else is smoke and mirrors.

That is why it is essential that the Scottish judicial review goes ahead. I for one am very interested to discover whether the paragraph

142. We doubt that the consensus claimed exists: see and compare R v Gul (Mohammed)
[2013] UKSC 64, [2014] AC 1260 per Lords Neuberger and Judge at paragraphs 44 –
51. In any event, this submission faces the further obstacle that, when taking her
decision, the Home Secretary was entitled to rely on the definition of terrorism in the
2000 Act. Indeed, she was required to apply that definition. Had she purported to rely
on any other definition for the purposes of her decision she would have acted
unlawfully. A “consensus” in international law is not a trump card in English law; any
such consensus cannot permit either disregard of or derogation from an English statute
save to the extent permitted by statute.

which specifically references “English law”, applies equally in Scotland. The English legal tradition is that the “Crown in parliament” is sovereign and may do absolutely anything it wishes, irrespective of international law, individual rights or any other consideration. The Scottish legal tradition is that the people are sovereign and protected from arbitrary or oppressive executive action.

Should Huda Ammori again win at appeal, Shabana Mahmood will certainly appeal to the Supreme Court. It would be extremely difficult for the Supreme Court to rule against the highest courts of both England and Scotland. So there is reason to continue the Scottish action even if the English case continues to win.

Should the UK government win at appeal in England, the Scottish case becomes still more crucial.

The UK government has succeeded in postponing the Scottish case, in order to give time to prepare for the admission of secret evidence. This is an incredible authoritarian procedure where they can submit “intelligence” to the court, which neither I nor my legal team will ever be permitted to know about, let alone have a chance to reply.

My interest will be “represented” by a “special advocate” with whom I shall never be able to communicate and thus will have no ability to give them the answer to whatever lies the UK government has put forward – probably about non-existent Iranian funding or entirely invented bomb plots.

This system is simply fascist. We have no idea to what extent the “secret evidence” used in the English case contributed to the court’s agreement that Palestine Action is a terrorist organisation.

We push on. I hate to say this, but we are now desperately short of funds to continue this action. I cannot keep asking the same supporters to give more, but if you know people who can afford it and will contribute, please activate them.

You can donate through the link via Crowd Justice, which goes straight to the lawyers, or through this blog.

https://www.crowdjustice.com/case/scottish-challenge-to-proscription/

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