Another consideration regarding Africa is the generally low number of tests per million of the population, if you don’t test enough people, you don’t know who has died of Covid-19 and the excess mortality figures in these countries is not easily available. Take for example the three most populous countries in Africa Nigeria, Ethiopia and Egypt, the ratio of tests per million of population is between 6-17 thousand per million, whereas in countries with the highest mortality rates, the ratio is often above 1 million. So it really is not surprising that the deaths per million of the population in Nigeria is 8, Ethiopia 18 and Egypt 90, compared to figures of over 1000 in UK US and so on. So there is gross underreporting from Africa and the true situation is totally unknown.